Searching for the best portable fitness trackers in 2026? The market offers a wide range of options, from simple pedometers to advanced health monitors with multiple sensors. The Fitbit Inspire 3 stands out as the best overall choice for its balanced features and ease of use. For those seeking an all-in-one smartwatch, the Smart Watch Fitness Tracker with Blood Oxygen offers extensive tracking capabilities, but at a higher price point. The main tradeoffs involve balancing features with battery life, ease of use, and cost. Continue reading to see how these options compare and find the perfect fit for your needs.
Key Takeaways
- Top picks balance comprehensive health metrics with user-friendly interfaces.
- Battery life varies significantly; simpler trackers often last longer between charges.
- Waterproofing is a key feature for active users but adds to the cost.
- More advanced models with multiple sensors tend to be bulkier and more expensive.
- Entry-level options are sufficient for casual activity tracking but lack detailed health insights.
| Fitness Tracker with Heart Rate, Blood Pressure, Sleep Monitoring, and AMOLED Screen | ![]() | Best Overall for Comprehensive Health Monitoring | Display: 1.1-inch AMOLED color screen | Heart Rate Monitoring: Yes | Blood Pressure Monitoring: Yes | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Smart Watch Fitness Tracker with Heart Rate, Blood Oxygen, Blood Pressure, Sleep Monitoring, 120 Sports Modes, IP68 Waterproof for Android & iPhone | ![]() | Best for Versatile Exercise and Activity Support | Display: 1.58-inch high-resolution touchscreen | Health Monitoring: Heart rate, blood pressure, blood oxygen, sleep | Exercise Modes: 120+ | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Zeacool Fitness Tracker with Heart Rate, Blood Oxygen, Blood Pressure, Sleep Monitoring, Waterproof, and Multi-Sport Modes | ![]() | Best for Long Battery Life and Basic Multi-Sport Tracking | Display Size: 1.1 inches | Heart Rate Monitoring: Yes | Blood Oxygen Monitoring: Yes | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Portable Step Counter for Walking – Digital Pedometer with Clip for Elderly, Tracks Steps, Distance & Calories | ![]() | Best for Simple, Discreet Step Tracking for All Ages | Display Size: 1 inch | Item Dimensions: 1.93″ L x 0.9″ W x 1.57″ H | Material: ABS | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Fitbit Inspire 3 Health & Fitness Tracker with Stress Management and Sleep Tracking | ![]() | Best for Stress and Sleep Monitoring with Motivation Features | Compatibility: iOS 16.4+ and Android 11.0+ | Features: Stress management, sleep tracking, heart rate, reminders | Includes: 3-month Google Health Premium membership | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Jawploy Fitness Tracker with Heart Rate Monitor, Step Counter, Calories, Sleep Monitor, IP68 Waterproof, Activity and Health Tracker for Men and Women | ![]() | Best Overall for Versatile Health Monitoring and Daily Wear | Heart Rate Monitor: Yes | Blood Pressure Monitoring: Yes | Sleep Monitoring: Yes | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Fitness Tracker with Heart Rate, Blood Pressure, Sleep Monitoring, and AMOLED Color Screen | ![]() | Best for Bright Displays and Multi-Health Metrics | Display: 1.1-inch AMOLED color screen | Battery Life: Up to 7 days, 15 days standby | Charging: Magnetic fast charging | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Fitness Tracker with Heart Rate Monitor, Sleep Tracking, and AMOLED Touch Screen | ![]() | Best for Long Battery Life and All-Day Activity Monitoring | Display: 1.10 inch AMOLED HD Touch Screen | Water Resistance: 5 ATM | Battery Life: 10-14 days | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| LIVIKEY Fitness Tracker Watch with Heart Rate Monitor, Sleep Monitoring, Pedometer, and Waterproof Design | ![]() | Best for Basic Daily Activity and Sleep Tracking | Heart Rate Monitoring: Yes | Sleep Monitoring: Yes | Water Resistance: IP68 | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Fitness Tracker with Heart Rate Monitor, Sleep Tracking, Waterproof IP68, and Multiple Sports Modes | ![]() | Best Lightweight and Affordable Waterproof Fitness Tracker | Weight: 0.82 oz | Waterproof Rating: IP68 | Battery Life: 7-10 days | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
More Details on Our Top Picks
Fitness Tracker with Heart Rate, Blood Pressure, Sleep Monitoring, and AMOLED Screen
This tracker stands out for its all-in-one health features, including heart rate, blood pressure, blood oxygen, and sleep analysis, making it ideal for users seeking a detailed health overview. Its 1.1-inch AMOLED display provides a vibrant, clear interface that surpasses the simpler screens of basic devices like the Portable Step Counter for Walking. However, the need for Bluetooth connectivity for notifications and its bulkier design may deter those preferring a sleeker, more minimalist tracker. Compared with the Fitbit Inspire 3, it offers more health metrics but lacks the advanced stress management features. The long battery life and quick charging enhance usability for daily wear. This option makes the most sense for health-conscious users who want detailed insights without sacrificing display quality or activity support.
Pros:- All-in-one health monitoring including blood pressure and oxygen levels
- Bright, high-resolution AMOLED display for easy reading
- Supports 25 sports modes for versatile activity tracking
- Long battery life with fast magnetic charging
Cons:- Bulky design may be uncomfortable for some users
- Requires Bluetooth connection for notifications, limiting standalone use
Best for: Users who prioritize comprehensive health data and a vibrant display in a fitness tracker
Not ideal for: Individuals seeking a lightweight, unobtrusive device or minimal notifications
- Display:1.1-inch AMOLED color screen
- Heart Rate Monitoring:Yes
- Blood Pressure Monitoring:Yes
- Blood Oxygen Monitoring:Yes
- Sleep Tracking:Yes
- Sports Modes:25
- Battery Life:Up to 7 days
- Charging:Magnetic fast charging (1-2 hours to full)
Bottom line: Best suited for users wanting a detailed, all-encompassing health tracker with a vivid display.
Smart Watch Fitness Tracker with Heart Rate, Blood Oxygen, Blood Pressure, Sleep Monitoring, 120 Sports Modes, IP68 Waterproof for Android & iPhone
This device excels with an expansive 1.58-inch high-resolution display and over 120 sports modes, making it perfect for users who want extensive workout options and customization. Its vibrant screen surpasses the simpler display of the Portable Step Counter for Walking, and it offers comprehensive health tracking including blood pressure and oxygen, similar to the Zeacool Fitness Tracker. The large feature set may be overwhelming for beginners or those who prefer minimal interfaces, and the battery life isn’t specified, which could be a concern for all-day activity tracking. Unlike the Zeacool, it includes smartwatch features like notifications, weather, and music control, but at the expense of increased complexity. This tracker makes the most sense for fitness enthusiasts who want a full-featured, waterproof device capable of supporting a wide range of activities.
Pros:- Supports over 120 exercise modes for diverse workouts
- Large, high-resolution touchscreen for clear visuals
- Waterproof (IP68) suitable for swimming and outdoor activities
- Includes notifications, weather, camera control, and GPS connectivity
Cons:- High feature complexity may be overwhelming for some users
- Battery life details are not specified, raising concerns about endurance
Best for: Active users who need a broad array of sports modes and smartwatch features in a fitness tracker
Not ideal for: Casual users or those who prefer a simple, easy-to-use device without many bells and whistles
- Display:1.58-inch high-resolution touchscreen
- Health Monitoring:Heart rate, blood pressure, blood oxygen, sleep
- Exercise Modes:120+
- Water Resistance:IP68 waterproof
- Compatibility:Android 4.4+/iOS 8.4+
- Strap:Replaceable and washable
- Additional Features:Notifications, weather, remote camera, music control
Bottom line: Ideal for fitness lovers seeking a feature-rich smartwatch with extensive activity support.
Zeacool Fitness Tracker with Heart Rate, Blood Oxygen, Blood Pressure, Sleep Monitoring, Waterproof, and Multi-Sport Modes
The Zeacool Fitness Tracker offers a balanced suite of health features including heart rate, blood oxygen, blood pressure, and sleep tracking, all housed in a 1.1-inch AMOLED display. Its 10-14 days of battery life greatly exceeds many competitors like the Fitbit Inspire 3, making it ideal for users who dislike frequent charging. Its waterproof design (up to 5 ATM) supports swimming and water-based activities, similar to the Smart Watch Fitness Tracker. While it covers essential metrics well, it lacks the advanced smartwatch features such as notifications or GPS connectivity, which could limit its appeal for users wanting more integrated device functions. Designed for daily health and activity monitoring, this model suits those prioritizing long battery life and straightforward functionality.
Pros:- Long battery life of up to 14 days
- Bright AMOLED display with customizable watch faces
- Supports multiple sports modes and water resistance up to 5 ATM
- Comprehensive health metrics including blood pressure and oxygen
Cons:- Some features require app synchronization and setup
- Limited on-device data analysis and advanced features
Best for: Health-conscious users seeking long-lasting battery life and basic activity tracking
Not ideal for: Tech enthusiasts wanting extensive smartwatch features or app integrations
- Display Size:1.1 inches
- Heart Rate Monitoring:Yes
- Blood Oxygen Monitoring:Yes
- Blood Pressure Monitoring:Yes
- Sleep Tracking:Yes
- Water Resistance:5 ATM
- Battery Life:10-14 days
- Compatibility:iPhone and Android
Bottom line: Perfect for users who want reliable health monitoring with minimal charging and water resistance.
Portable Step Counter for Walking – Digital Pedometer with Clip for Elderly, Tracks Steps, Distance & Calories
This basic pedometer offers reliable step, distance, and calorie tracking, ideal for users who want a straightforward activity monitor without the complexities of smart features. Its clip-on design makes it especially suitable for elderly users or those who prefer a minimalist approach, contrasting with the more advanced smart trackers like the Fitness Tracker with Heart Rate, Blood Pressure, Sleep Monitoring, and AMOLED Screen. However, it lacks Bluetooth, notifications, or detailed metrics, limiting its use to simple step counting. Manual reset and mode switching may be inconvenient for some, but its simplicity is a major advantage for users who want no fuss and easy operation. It’s best for those focused solely on daily step goals and basic fitness tracking.
Pros:- Accurately tracks steps, distance, and calories burned
- Simple two-button operation for easy use
- Compact, lightweight, and discreet with a secure clip
- No smartphone or Bluetooth needed
Cons:- Limited to basic activity tracking without advanced metrics
- Requires manual operation and resetting, which may be less convenient
Best for: Elderly users or beginners needing a simple, reliable pedometer without smart features
Not ideal for: Tech-savvy users or athletes wanting detailed metrics or connectivity options
- Display Size:1 inch
- Item Dimensions:1.93″ L x 0.9″ W x 1.57″ H
- Material:ABS
- Color:Red
- Compatible Devices:No Bluetooth or smartphone required
Bottom line: Best for users seeking an uncomplicated, reliable step counter for daily activity goals.
Fitbit Inspire 3 Health & Fitness Tracker with Stress Management and Sleep Tracking
The Fitbit Inspire 3 emphasizes stress management and sleep tracking, making it a compelling choice for users wanting mental health insights alongside activity monitoring. Its automatic exercise detection and personalized insights set it apart from basic trackers like the Portable Step Counter. While it offers a variety of fitness and relaxation features, its core metrics are more limited compared to multi-sport or smartwatch devices like the Smart Watch Fitness Tracker. Battery life details are vague, but its subscription-based features and mindfulness sessions may require additional commitment. This device suits those focused on overall well-being, including stress reduction and sleep quality, in a sleek, user-friendly package.
Pros:- Includes stress management and sleep tracking features
- Motivates with activity goals and reminders to move
- Works with both iOS and Android devices for broad compatibility
- Includes a 3-month Google Health Premium membership
Cons:- Limited to basic fitness features without advanced metrics
- Some features may require subscription or app use
Best for: Users interested in stress management, sleep quality, and motivation through activity reminders
Not ideal for: Advanced athletes or tech enthusiasts wanting detailed metrics and extensive smartwatch capabilities
- Compatibility:iOS 16.4+ and Android 11.0+
- Features:Stress management, sleep tracking, heart rate, reminders
- Includes:3-month Google Health Premium membership
- Color:Midnight Zen/Black
Bottom line: Great for users seeking a wellness-focused tracker that emphasizes stress and sleep alongside activity.
Jawploy Fitness Tracker with Heart Rate Monitor, Step Counter, Calories, Sleep Monitor, IP68 Waterproof, Activity and Health Tracker for Men and Women
The Jawploy Fitness Tracker stands out for its broad suite of health and activity features, including heart rate, blood pressure, sleep analysis, and 17 sports modes, making it a well-rounded choice for everyday health tracking. Compared with the Fitness Tracker with AMOLED Screen, it offers more comprehensive health metrics but falls slightly short in detailed sleep analysis and battery longevity, which may matter to dedicated sleep enthusiasts. Its IP68 waterproof rating allows safe swimming and showering, adding to its versatility, though the battery life of 5-7 days means regular charging is still needed. The customizable watch faces and notifications enhance daily usability, but the device’s limited detailed metrics could leave serious health metrics unexplored. This pick makes the most sense for those seeking an all-in-one, waterproof tracker for regular activity and health monitoring without the need for specialized features.
Pros:- Wide range of health and activity tracking features
- IP68 waterproof design suitable for swimming
- Customizable watch faces and message notifications
Cons:- Limited detailed health metrics compared to dedicated devices
- Battery life could be longer for frequent users
Best for: Active individuals who want a comprehensive, waterproof health tracker that suits daily use and swimming.
Not ideal for: Serious athletes or sleep-focused users who need in-depth sleep metrics or longer battery life.
- Heart Rate Monitor:Yes
- Blood Pressure Monitoring:Yes
- Sleep Monitoring:Yes
- Waterproof:IP68
- Battery Life:5-7 days
- Charging Method:Built-in USB plug
Bottom line: A versatile and waterproof tracker perfect for daily health monitoring and active lifestyles without specialized sleep tracking needs.
Fitness Tracker with Heart Rate, Blood Pressure, Sleep Monitoring, and AMOLED Color Screen
This Fitness Tracker with AMOLED Screen delivers a vibrant 1.1-inch color touchscreen paired with extensive health monitoring, including heart rate, blood pressure, blood oxygen, and sleep tracking. Unlike the LIVIKEY Tracker, which focuses on basic activity and longer battery life, this device offers more detailed health data and a colorful display that makes data easy to read at a glance. Its support for 25 sports modes and smartwatch features like remote photo control and alarms makes it a versatile companion for active users. However, the complex interface might overwhelm beginners, and its waterproof rating isn’t explicitly designed for swimming, limiting water-based activities. This device is best suited for users who want a bright, detailed display coupled with comprehensive health insights and are comfortable navigating multiple features daily.
Pros:- Bright AMOLED color touchscreen with customizable watch faces
- Supports extensive health monitoring including blood oxygen and blood pressure
- Multiple sports modes and smart features
Cons:- Complex interface may be intimidating for beginners
- Water resistance level not specified for swimming or diving
Best for: Health-conscious users who appreciate a colorful screen and multiple sports modes for versatile activity tracking.
Not ideal for: Users seeking a simple, straightforward tracker with extended battery life or dedicated sleep analysis.
- Display:1.1-inch AMOLED color screen
- Battery Life:Up to 7 days, 15 days standby
- Charging:Magnetic fast charging
- Water Resistance Level:Waterproof
- Supported Systems:Android 5.0+ and iOS 9.0+
- Sports Modes:25
Bottom line: Ideal for active users who want an engaging display and detailed health metrics in a single device.
Fitness Tracker with Heart Rate Monitor, Sleep Tracking, and AMOLED Touch Screen
The Fitness Tracker with AMOLED Touch Screen offers a balanced combination of health tracking and longevity, with features including heart rate, sleep, blood oxygen, and blood pressure monitoring. Its 1.10-inch AMOLED display makes it easy to view stats, while the 10-14 days battery life surpasses many competitors, like the Jawploy Tracker, which needs charging every week. This device supports 25 sports modes and water resistance up to 5 ATM, making it suitable for swimming and intense workouts. However, its interface may seem cluttered to new users, and it lacks a dedicated GPS, which could be a drawback for runners or cyclists needing precise route data. This tracker fits best for active users who prioritize long battery life and comprehensive health metrics without the need for GPS or advanced sleep analysis.
Pros:- Bright AMOLED touch screen with responsive navigation
- Excellent battery life for prolonged daily use
- Waterproof up to 5 ATM with multiple sports modes
Cons:- Complex interface for beginners
- No built-in GPS for outdoor tracking
Best for: Fitness enthusiasts who want extended battery life and multi-sport tracking without sacrificing health features.
Not ideal for: Users needing detailed sleep insights or built-in GPS for outdoor activities.
- Display:1.10 inch AMOLED HD Touch Screen
- Water Resistance:5 ATM
- Battery Life:10-14 days
- Sports Modes:25
- Compatibility:iPhone and Android
- Charging:Magnetic fast charging
Bottom line: Great for active users who need a long-lasting tracker with broad health and activity features.
LIVIKEY Fitness Tracker Watch with Heart Rate Monitor, Sleep Monitoring, Pedometer, and Waterproof Design
The LIVIKEY Fitness Tracker offers essential health monitoring with heart rate, sleep, and activity tracking across 9 sports modes, making it a straightforward choice for everyday health insights. Compared to the Waterproof IP68 Tracker, it provides similar waterproofing but with fewer advanced features, simplifying user experience. Its 5-7 day battery life is reasonable for typical daily use, though it doesn’t support calls or texts directly, unlike more feature-rich models. The app setup can be a hurdle for some, and it lacks advanced metrics like blood oxygen or blood pressure. This device is best suited for users who want a reliable, no-fuss tracker for basic health and activity monitoring without extra smartwatch features or detailed analytics.
Pros:- Accurate heart rate and sleep monitoring
- Long battery life up to a week
- Waterproof IP68 suitable for daily wear and workouts
Cons:- Cannot make calls or send texts directly
- Limited advanced health metrics
Best for: Casual users seeking an affordable, easy-to-use tracker for daily health and activity monitoring.
Not ideal for: Fitness enthusiasts or tech-savvy users who want comprehensive health data and smart notifications.
- Heart Rate Monitoring:Yes
- Sleep Monitoring:Yes
- Water Resistance:IP68
- Battery Life:5-7 days
- Activity Modes:9
- Display:Touchscreen
Bottom line: A practical, no-frills tracker ideal for daily health insights without complex features.
Fitness Tracker with Heart Rate Monitor, Sleep Tracking, Waterproof IP68, and Multiple Sports Modes
The Fitness Tracker with Heart Rate and Sleep Monitoring combines a slim profile with essential health features, supporting steps, calories, blood pressure, blood oxygen, and 16 sports modes. Its lightweight design, weighing just 0.82 ounces, makes it highly comfortable for all-day wear, unlike bulkier models like the Fitness Tracker with AMOLED Screen. Its waterproof IP68 rating makes it suitable for swimming, rain, or sweat, but it lacks advanced smartwatch functions like notifications or GPS. Battery life of 7-10 days balances convenience with frequent charging, which some users might find inconvenient. This device suits those who prioritize a low-profile, waterproof tracker with core health metrics over extra smart features or high-end displays.
Pros:- Lightweight and comfortable to wear all day
- Reliable heart rate, sleep, and activity tracking
- Waterproof rating suitable for swimming
Cons:- Limited to smartphone notifications, no direct call/SMS
- Battery life may vary with intensive use
Best for: Budget-conscious users who want a simple, waterproof activity tracker with essential health features.
Not ideal for: Users seeking detailed analytics, smart notifications, or GPS functionality.
- Weight:0.82 oz
- Waterproof Rating:IP68
- Battery Life:7-10 days
- Sports Modes:16
- Compatibility:iOS 8.0+ and Android 4.0+
- Display:Touchscreen
Bottom line: A lightweight, waterproof tracker perfect for casual fitness tracking on a budget.

How We Picked
These products were evaluated based on their ability to deliver accurate health and activity data, ease of use, build quality, battery life, and value for money. We prioritized trackers that are truly portable—compact, lightweight, and comfortable for daily wear or on-the-go use. Features such as waterproofing, multi-sport modes, and display quality were also key factors in our ranking. We aimed to highlight options suitable for different user needs, from casual walkers to serious fitness enthusiasts, ensuring a well-rounded selection that covers various budgets and preferences.Factors to Consider When Choosing Portable Fitness Trackers
When choosing a portable fitness tracker, it’s important to consider several factors beyond basic step counting. Each feature should align with your specific activity level and health monitoring needs. Understanding what tradeoffs exist can help you avoid overspending on unnecessary features or missing out on essential capabilities that could motivate your fitness journey.Accuracy and Sensor Quality
Reliable data depends on good sensors and algorithms. Cheaper models may provide inconsistent readings, especially for heart rate, blood oxygen, or blood pressure. Investing in a tracker with proven sensor quality ensures your health insights are trustworthy, which is vital if you’re managing medical conditions or pushing for performance gains.
Battery Life and Charging
Long battery life reduces the hassle of daily charging and keeps your tracker operational during extended activities. Simpler models with basic features often last a week or more, while advanced smartwatches may need daily charging. Consider how often you’ll want to charge your device and whether frequent recharging fits your routine.
Display and Usability
A clear, responsive display improves interaction, especially for checking stats quickly during activities. AMOLED screens offer vibrant visuals but may drain batteries faster. Touchscreens add convenience but can be less durable than physical buttons. Think about your environment—outdoor brightness or low-light conditions can influence your display choice.
Waterproofing and Durability
If you plan to swim or exercise in the rain, waterproof trackers are essential. Models with an IP68 rating are suitable for swimming and showering, but check specifications carefully. Durability also involves scratch-resistant screens and rugged bands, especially if you engage in outdoor sports or rough activities.
Cost and Value
Budget constraints influence feature selection. While cheaper trackers cover basic steps and sleep, investing more can unlock advanced health metrics and better build quality. Avoid paying for features you won’t use, but also be cautious of extremely low-cost options that may sacrifice accuracy and durability. Striking a balance between price and features ensures good value for your investment.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I use these trackers without a smartphone?
Most portable fitness trackers rely on a smartphone app for syncing data and detailed insights. Some basic models, like simple pedometers, operate independently for step counting but lack advanced features. If you want comprehensive health tracking and activity history, pairing your device with a compatible smartphone is usually required. This setup allows for better data analysis and long-term progress tracking.
Are these trackers suitable for swimming or water sports?
Trackers with an IP68 waterproof rating are generally suitable for swimming and water-based activities. However, it’s important to check each model’s specifications, as some may only withstand splashes or rain. Devices not rated for water resistance should be kept away from water to prevent damage. If swimming is a priority, choose a model explicitly designed for aquatic use.
How accurate are blood pressure and blood oxygen measurements on these devices?
While many modern trackers include blood pressure and blood oxygen sensors, their accuracy can vary. Consumer-grade devices typically provide estimates rather than medical-grade readings. For precise health monitoring, especially if you have medical conditions, it’s best to consult dedicated medical devices. Use these features as general indicators rather than definitive diagnostics.
Will a more expensive tracker necessarily give me better health insights?
Not always. Higher-priced models often include additional sensors and features that can enhance data accuracy and variety, but the core tracking experience may not be vastly different from more affordable options. Consider your specific needs—if you require detailed health metrics or multi-sport tracking, investing more could be worthwhile. Otherwise, a well-chosen mid-range device can provide sufficient insights for casual use.
What should I look for if I want a tracker primarily for walking and basic activity tracking?
If your main goal is walking and simple activity metrics, focus on lightweight, easy-to-wear trackers with accurate step counters, decent battery life, and basic sleep tracking. Waterproofing can be a bonus if you walk in various weather conditions. You don’t need advanced sensors or multi-sport modes, which can add unnecessary complexity and cost. For casual activity, simplicity and comfort are key.
Conclusion
For casual users prioritizing affordability and simplicity, entry-level trackers with basic step and sleep tracking will suffice. Serious athletes or health-conscious individuals should consider models with advanced sensors and multiple sports modes, like the Smart Watch Fitness Tracker with Blood Oxygen. Beginners will benefit from devices like the Fitbit Inspire 3 that combine ease of use with reliable health data. Those seeking premium features, including detailed health metrics and rugged designs, should look at more expensive options with comprehensive sensor suites. Ultimately, your choice depends on your activity level, health concerns, and budget.









